Project No. : TN-01/2010-11
Year. : 2010-11
Project Title: Effects of elevated CO2 on active principles of commercially important medicinal plants.
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. S. Saravanam, Forestry Land Use and Climate Change Division, Institute of Forest Genetics & Tree Breeding, Coimbatore - 641002, Tamil Nadu.
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : For addressing the effect of elevated Carbon di-oxide in different concentration and its effect on growth, physiological aspects and biochemical changes in commercially important medicinal plants, this project was undertaken. Seedlings were raised and kept in the Automated Open Top Chambers with the concentrations of 600 and 900 ppm along with control and ambient condition. To study the elevated Carbon di-oxide effect on medicinal plants, Carbon di-oxide supply was maintained on continuous basis throughout the study period i.e. 6 months. On monthly basis, seedlings growth, physiological parameters and bio-chemical aspects were studied and plant parts including roots were analysed for active ingredients. The results showed that, 600 ppm registered higher the value of chlorophyll A, B and total chlorophyll and higher the concentration level of Carbon di-oxide enhances the plant height. The physiological parameters like net photosynthetic rate, transpiration and stomatal conductance was recorded higher under higher the concentration of Carbon di-oxide . The primary metabolites under elevated Carbon di-oxide showed that, there is no significant difference due to Carbon di-oxide effect. Protein also showed the same result and recorded higher under control chamber. The secondary metabolites like Phenols, Tannin and Flavonoids showed that, higher the concentration of Carbon di-oxide favours flavonoid and phenol and tannin recorded higher under control.
Project No. : TN-04/2006-07
Year. : 2006-07
Project Title: Bioproduction of secondary metabolites from Aegle marmelos
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. Rekha Warrier, Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Forest Genetics & Tree Breeding, Coimbatore - 641 002.
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : For in-vitro cultures of Aegle marmelos, shoot and root explants responded well with the initiation period ranging from one to three weeks. 6.0 mg / L 2, 4 D was found to be the optimal growth regulator concentration. WPM medium facilitated better callus induction. Callus obtained from different explants was optimized for increased growth in suspension cultures. The calli were successfully multiplied in the bioreactors under controlled conditions (pH 5.6-5.8, Temp 22oC, and stirring at 88 rpm) in a bioreactor. It was noticed that the calli when broken into smaller pieces developed well. Using HPTLC it was confirmed that the secondary metabolites produced by the calli were not leached out into medium and hence the metabolites would be recovered only by batch process fermentation technology. For analysis of secondary metabolites, crude extracts of 3 different tissues of (leaves, stem bark and roots) were prepared in 5 different solvents viz., chloroform, methanol, dichloromethane, petroleum ether and water and subjected to HPTLC. The distribution of alkaloids, flavanoids, terpenoids and coumarins was studied through UV fluorescence, UV absorption and white light transmittance. Metabolite profile of the roots, stem, leaves, and primary branches of the wild plants was developed. For Bio efficacy plant and human pathogens were tested with extracts from calli obtained using different explants to assay the efficacy of the active principles in the calli. Active principles present in the calli showed inhibitory effects on the pathogens.
Project No. : TN-32/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Eco-friendly techniques for maximizing the productivity of Phyllanthus niruri
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. (Mrs.) Arumugam Shakila, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar – 608 002
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : Effect of different organic manures and botanical formulations for enhancing the germination and crop performance of Phylanthus niruri were studied. Seeds treated with panchgavya @ 3% for 12 hr revealed significant qualitative and quantitative seedling characters. In an another experiment for assessment of impact of seasonal changes on the crop, the morphological features were significantly different when grown in rainy season (July to September) as compared to the crop grown after autumn (January to April). The plants performed well at aerial separation of 45x 45 cm. The application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM), Vermicompost and panchgavya revealed significantly higher biomass production as compared to normal soil condition which supports eco-friendly techniques for maximizing the productivity of Phyllanthus niruri cultivation.
Project No. : TN-31/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Therapeutic and Nutraceutical products from Bael Fruits and Leaves
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. M. Ilamaram, Home Science College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agriculture University, Madurai – 625 104
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : Fruit and leaves of locally available fruit Aegle marmelos (Bael- rich in nutritional and medicinal properties) were collected for the preparation of products viz., beverages, fruit powder, and noodles. Chemical compositions of the fresh fruit and leaves as well as its product were analysed and the storage behaviour of the samples was studied by analysing the chemical, microbial load and secondary characteristics at regular intervals. A nine point hedonic scale study for the colour and appearance, flavour, taste, texture and overall acceptability of the products was also conducted. Exhibitions were also arranged to popularize the value added therapeutic properties of the products. Studies were also conducted to determine therapeutic properties of its fruits and leaves.
Project No. : TN-30/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Vision towards prosperity – identification & conservation of MPs and establishment of herbal garden towards socio-economic security of the farmers of Cauvery
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Prof. U. Athmanathab, Agricultural Research Station, Tamil Agricultural University, Puttukkottai – 614 602 Thanjavur District
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : For proper identification and conservation of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (M&APs) and their establishment in herbal garden for demonstration and community mobilization for socio-economic security of the farmers of Cauvery, regional medicinal plants of Tamil Nadu (Trees and Herbs) were explored and conserved in the Herbal Garden cum Conservation Model and the site was developed as an active training Centre as well as plant distribution centre. Time to time also delivered radio talks and organized training programmes for farmers and stalk holders for technology transfer. Knowledge about Quality Planting Material, Goof Agricultural Practices, Post-Harvest Technology and Value addition was discriminated.
Project No. : TN-26/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Management of soil and air borne diseases of Gloriosa superba with nutrient enriched biomanure and fungicides
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. D. Alice, Professor of Pant Pathology, Centre for Plant Protection studies Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : The survey of Gloriosa superba growing area revealed that tuber rot caused by Macrophomina phaseolina and Fusarium sp was prevalent and the infection ranged from 20 to 100%. The leaves exhibited concentric ring symptoms in Alternaria infected leaves. The virus infected leaf, stem and flower of Gloriosa superba was detected using DAC-ELISA. Among the seven isolated of M. phaseolina, one was completely inhibited by the commercial formulation of T. viride. Among the micro nutrients, zinc sulphate effectively inhibited the growth of both tuber rot pathogens (M. phaseolina and Fusarium sp) under in-vitro condition. Plant oils (0.1%) viz., Neem, Mahua, Pungam, Castor were highly inhibitory to the mycelial growth of M. phaseolina isolates and Fusarium sp. Among the oil cake, Mahua cake at 10% completely inhibited the mycelial growth of the Macrophomina isolates and Fusarium sp. The other oil cakes (10%) viz., groundnut, coconut, neem, cotton were ineffective. Under in-vitro conditions M. phaseolina isolates and Fusarium sp were highly sensitive to carbendazim (0.1%), polyram (0.1%) and COC (0.25%) which provided complete inhibition. Notchi leaf extract spray 10 % (Two sprays 45 DAS and 90 DAS) was effective against viral disease affecting Gloriosa superba.
Project No. : TN-25/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Devicing low cost technology for the management of nematodes in medicinal crops
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr.S. Ramakrishnan, Department of Nematology, Centre for Plant Protection Studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore – 641 003
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : In several plant species Meloidogyne incognita (Nematode) causes yield loss and less crop return. For quantification of avoidable yield loss in economic parts and active principles of selected medicinal plants field experiments were conducted in nematode infected areas of Tamil Nadu. A significant reduction (10-50%) in plant biomass and quantitative yield in terms of economic yield was observed due to nematodes. For management of root knot nematode, seeds of selected medicinal plants surface sterilized with mercuric chloride and sown in the plots of different treatments viz., soil application of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma viride, Neem cake, Panchgavya etc. were found effective at varying level to reduce the nematode population and to improve the plant growth. Super Pseudomonas was found to be more effective than Pseudomonas fluorescens for the suppression of nematode incidence and to enhance the yield of the medicinal plants.
Project No. : TN-22/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Standardization of value added products from Amla
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. K.P. Sivakumar, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sandhiyur, Tamil Nadu -636 203
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : For standardization of value added products from Emblica officinalis (Amla), fruit were processed for the preparation of different edible Amla products viz., squash, jelly, sweet and spicy candy, ready to serve beverages, mouth freshener, jam and jelly. Chemical compositions of the fresh fruit as well as its product were analysed and the storage behaviour of the samples was studied by analysing the chemical, microbial load and secondary characteristics at regular intervals of storage. A nine point hedonic scale study for the colour and appearance, flavour, taste, texture and overall acceptability of the products was also conducted. Exhibitions were also arranged to popularize the value added therapeutic properties of the products for community mobilization and development of sustainable market for rural income generation.
Project No. : TN-19/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Integrated Nematode Management Technology Development and dissemination for sustainable export of medicinal coleus from southern states
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. N. Seenivasan, Horticultural Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yercaud – 636 602
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : Eleven plant parasitic nematode species were found associated in rhizosphere of medicinal coleus (Coleus forskohlii) in major growing districts of Tamil Nadu. Among 65 fields surveyed, about 81.5% of fields were infested with root-knot nematode, M. incognita. The population of M. incognita varied from 0 to 232 nematodes/200g soil with an average of 92.7 nematodes/200g soil. Neem cake at dosages of 400 kg/ha and 500 kg/ha both were equally effective in reducing nematode population and increased the root tuber yield. They reduce the nematode population by 28.6% and 30.8% under pot culture conditions, 28.9% and 31.7% under field conditions. Medicinal coleus cutting dipped in 0.1% Pseudomonas fluorescens at planting + marigold (Tagetus erecta) intercrop uprooted at the time of earthing up (60-70 DAP) effectively reduced the nematode population by 66.7% root rot disease incidence by 45.3% and increased the yield by 45.3% with C:B ratio 1:12.5.
Project No. : TN-05/2005-06
Year. : 2005-06
Project Title: Promotional scheme for Micropropagation of selected medicinal plant species in Tamil Nadu
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Principal Investigator & Organization : Dr. T. Sekar, Faculty, PR& Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa’s college, Chennai – 600 030
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Summary of Project / Major Outcome /Achievements : For standardization of micro-propagation techniques of medicinally important plant species viz., Ruta graveolens, Decalepis hamiltonii and Mappia foetida, the explant were collected from wild accessions and sterilized. For mass propagation, the explants of the species were subjected to different MS mediums for multiple shoot development. In Ruta graveolens average shoot lets (42 no.) developed within 30 days, it took almost 30 days for root initiation and hardening in 25 days; for Decalepis hamiltonii and Mappia foetida the time taken was slightly higher. All the micro propagated plantlets were subjected to hardening and field transferred for further growth and development in vermicompost and Farm Yard Manure (FYM) rich substrate.
